Web 4.0 and the Accountability Vacuum
Nicoletta Kolpakov Nicoletta Kolpakov

Web 4.0 and the Accountability Vacuum

Agentic systems deliver real productivity gains. But three measures are urgent: marketplace accountability for AI plug-in ecosystems, including potential mandatory reporting and platform liability triggers; clear liability allocation for harms caused by autonomous agents acting under delegated credentials; and sector-specific deployment rules for agents that interact with regulated data or financial systems. Without intervention, an accountability vacuum is inevitable.

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The SEC’s Digital Asset Pivot Comes Late in a Global Financial Arms Race
Nicoletta Kolpakov Nicoletta Kolpakov

The SEC’s Digital Asset Pivot Comes Late in a Global Financial Arms Race

The Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC’s) announcement of a comprehensive crypto regulatory overhaul signals the biggest change in US financial policy in years. SEC Chairman Paul Atkins’ commitment to integrate digital assets into Wall Street’s trading infrastructure—by clarifying broker-dealer rules, allowing national exchanges to handle crypto, and removing long-standing compliance hurdles—represents a much-needed shift. After years of enforcement driven by litigation under the Biden administration, which stifled innovation and marginalized US exchanges, Washington is finally indicating that digital assets belong within the mainstream of American capital markets.

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Navigating Gen AI’s Ethical Landscape When Combatting Financial Fraud and Money Laundering
Nicoletta Kolpakov Nicoletta Kolpakov

Navigating Gen AI’s Ethical Landscape When Combatting Financial Fraud and Money Laundering

Most financial payment solutions are pre-packaged products, using existing Gen AI models or APIs within layers of code tailored for specific applications in payment processing. Still, many organizations are integrating Gen AI into their operations and expressing intentions to invest in the space further. Considering the ethical governance and regulatory frameworks the financial and legal industry should implement as these advanced AI-powered tools become more commonplace is essential. 

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Blockchain & Global Finance: The Legal Architecture of a Fragmenting Monetary Order

Blockchain & Global Finance: The Legal Architecture of a Fragmenting Monetary Order

Who governs money when code crosses borders faster than regulation can? Central banks now issue digital currencies; private actors move value through decentralized networks; and nations leverage financial connectivity as a tool of power. The answer is unfolding across three converging fronts: central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), cross-border payment interoperability, and sanctions-driven digital sovereignty.

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Sovereignty and Systems Design: Rethinking Power in a Networked World

Sovereignty and Systems Design: Rethinking Power in a Networked World

The 20th century’s legal order was built on territorial sovereignty; the 21st will be built on informational sovereignty—the ability to govern data, infrastructure, and algorithms in alignment with national values

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Agents of Disruption: Legal Dilemmas and the Future of AI

Agents of Disruption: Legal Dilemmas and the Future of AI

Should AI tools be treated as legal agents under common law? As autonomous systems make independent decisions, doctrines like respondeat superior may need to evolve to assign responsibility for AI-driven actions. This piece explores key issues in copyright, data privacy, and algorithmic bias, highlighting how state AI transparency laws and federal deregulation are creating a fragmented legal landscape for AI governance and accountability.

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